SysLinuxOS 12 for System Integrators rilasciato

SysLinuxOS 12 for System Integrators

SysLinuxOS 12 for System Integrators

Dopo il nuovo rilascio di Debian 12 Bookworm, arriva anche SysLinuxOS 12 (for System Integrators). In questa versione ci sono diversi miglioramenti e nuove features che la differenziano da Debian 12, alcune sono nascoste sotto il cofano. SyslinuxOS 12 arriva subito con Mate desktop environment come desktop principale, mentre la versione con Gnome verrà rilasciata successivamente.

Features principali:
  • Kernel 6.3.8 stable
  • OS-Prober abilitato di default, a differenza di Debian 12, utile per il riconoscimento degli altri OS già installati.
  • Interfacce di rete riconosciute di default come eth0, wlan0, per semplificare  la gestione delle stesse. In più sono presenti altre differenze nascoste, che verranno approfondite successivamente.
Desktop:

Per quanto riguarda la parte estetica, sono stati integrati/modificato due conky, tra cui auzia, che oltre ad abbellire il desktop, sono utili per vedere le prestazioni del pc, della rete, compreso indirizzamento ip privato ed ip pubblico, oltre ai vari processi in esecuzione. In più il menu è ordinato in base all’utilità dei programmi. C’è anche un nuovo menu chiamato Networking che racchiude gli strumenti per l’analisi della rete. Questi strumenti sono solo quelli che utilizzano la Gui, tutti gli altri sono presenti da riga di comando. Mate si offre proriamente per un ambiente semplice, ordinato e veloce.

Sicurezza:

Presenti di default vari firewall, oltre Gufw e Firewalld, anche Opensnitch, Shorewall. Inoltre è presente Suricata come Intrusion Prevention System (IPS). Firejail, Firetools, Firewalk e molto altro.

Networking:

Packet Tracer 8.2.1, ed in alternativa è presente GNS3. Inserito Sparrow Wifi, Presente Virtualbox 7.0.2, ed inoltre sotto il cofano sono presenti tutti i tools di scansione e testing delle reti.

Monitoring:

Inseriti Cacti, Fail2ban, Icinga, Monit, Munin, Nagios4, Zabbix-Agent2 e Zabbix-Fronted, più molto altro.

Conclusione:

SysLinuxOS 12 (for System Integrators) offre un sistema operativo robusto e ricco di funzionalità, progettato specificamente per i professionisti. Con il suo desktop migliorato, misure di sicurezza migliorate, funzionalità di rete avanzate e strumenti di monitoraggio completi, SysLinuxOS 12 offre una piattaforma affidabile ed efficiente per le attività di networking.

SysLinuxOS 12 for System Integrators

enjoy 😉

 

(Errori) Firestarter failed al boot

 

 

 

Questo tipo di errore che si vede al boot e che riguarda firestarter, è un errore non veritiero, in quanto firestarter viene avviato correttamente all'avvio del sistema. Questo errore capita perchè firestarter viene avviato prima di GDM, ed essendo un applicazione grafica, di conseguenza deve avvenire dopo GDM. Comunque quella scritta "failed" al boot mi dava fastidio e mi sono deciso a risolvere il problema.

 

Soluzione:

il file incriminato si trova in /etc/rcS.d, per risolvere basta rinominarlo:

 

# mv /etc/rcS.d/S20firestarter /etc/rcS.d/ES20firestarter

# reboot

 

adesso quell'errore non verrà più visualizzato:

 

 

 

enjoy 😉

Shorewall installazione e configurazione



 

Shorewall (Shoreline Firewall) è un firewall che si appoggia al sistema  Netfilter (iptables/ipchains) del kernel Linux, per una più semplice gestione di avanzate configurazioni di rete. Prima di iniziare nell'installazione di shorewall, bisogna prima disinstallare eventualmente l'altro firewall. Esempio: firestarter:

# apt-get remove --purge firestarter

# apt-get install shorewall shorewall-common shorewall-shell shorewall-doc dash

 

1) Partiamo con la configurazione del file interfaces:

# gedit /etc/shorewall/interfaces

all'interno copiamo questo:

# Shorewall version 3.0 – Sample Interfaces File for one-interface configuration.
#
# /etc/shorewall/interfaces
#
# You must add an entry in this file for each network interface on your
# firewall system.
#
# Columns are:
#
# ZONE Zone for this interface. Must match the name of a
# zone defined in /etc/shorewall/zones. You may not
# list the firewall zone in this column.
#
# If the interface serves multiple zones that will be
# defined in the /etc/shorewall/hosts file, you should
# place "-" in this column.
#
# If there are multiple interfaces to the same zone,
# you must list them in separate entries:
#
# Example:
#
# loc eth1 –
# loc eth2 –
#
# INTERFACE Name of interface. Each interface may be listed only
# once in this file. You may NOT specify the name of
# an alias (e.g., eth0:0) here; see
# https://www.shorewall.net/FAQ.htm#faq18
#
# You may specify wildcards here. For example, if you
# want to make an entry that applies to all PPP
# interfaces, use 'ppp+'.
#
# There is no need to define the loopback interface (lo)
# in this file.
#
# BROADCAST The broadcast address for the subnetwork to which the
# interface belongs. For P-T-P interfaces, this
# column is left blank.If the interface has multiple
# addresses on multiple subnets then list the broadcast
# addresses as a comma-separated list.
#
# If you use the special value "detect", the firewall
# will detect the broadcast address for you. If you
# select this option, the interface must be up before
# the firewall is started, you must have iproute
# installed.
#
# If you don't want to give a value for this column but
# you want to enter a value in the OPTIONS column, enter
# "-" in this column.
#
# OPTIONS A comma-separated list of options including the
# following:
#
# dhcp – Specify this option when any of
# the following are true:
# 1. the interface gets its IP address
# via DHCP
# 2. the interface is used by
# a DHCP server running on the firewall
# 3. you have a static IP but are on a LAN
# segment with lots of Laptop DHCP
# clients.
# 4. the interface is a bridge with
# a DHCP server on one port and DHCP
# clients on another port.
#
# norfc1918 – This interface should not receive
# any packets whose source is in one
# of the ranges reserved by RFC 1918
# (i.e., private or "non-routable"
# addresses. If packet mangling or
# connection-tracking match is enabled in
# your kernel, packets whose destination
# addresses are reserved by RFC 1918 are
# also rejected.
#
# routefilter – turn on kernel route filtering for this
# interface (anti-spoofing measure). This
# option can also be enabled globally in
# the /etc/shorewall/shorewall.conf file.
#
# logmartians – turn on kernel martian logging (logging
# of packets with impossible source
# addresses. It is suggested that if you
# set routefilter on an interface that
# you also set logmartians. This option
# may also be enabled globally in the
# /etc/shorewall/shorewall.conf file.
#
# blacklist – Check packets arriving on this interface
# against the /etc/shorewall/blacklist
# file.
#
# maclist – Connection requests from this interface
# are compared against the contents of
# /etc/shorewall/maclist. If this option
# is specified, the interface must be
# an ethernet NIC and must be up before
# Shorewall is started.
#
# tcpflags – Packets arriving on this interface are
# checked for certain illegal combinations
# of TCP flags. Packets found to have
# such a combination of flags are handled
# according to the setting of
# TCP_FLAGS_DISPOSITION after having been
# logged according to the setting of
# TCP_FLAGS_LOG_LEVEL.
#
# proxyarp –
# Sets
# /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/<interface>/proxy_arp.
# Do NOT use this option if you are
# employing Proxy ARP through entries in
# /etc/shorewall/proxyarp. This option is
# intended soley for use with Proxy ARP
# sub-networking as described at:
#
#
# routeback – If specified, indicates that Shorewall
# should include rules that allow
# filtering traffic arriving on this
# interface back out that same interface.
#
# arp_filter – If specified, this interface will only
# respond to ARP who-has requests for IP
# addresses configured on the interface.
# If not specified, the interface can
# respond to ARP who-has requests for
# IP addresses on any of the firewall's
# interface. The interface must be up
# when Shorewall is started.
#
# arp_ignore[=<number>]
# – If specified, this interface will
# respond to arp requests based on the
# value of <number>.
#
# 1 – reply only if the target IP address
# is local address configured on the
# incoming interface
#
# 2 – reply only if the target IP address
# is local address configured on the
# incoming interface and both with the
# sender's IP address are part from same
# subnet on this interface
#
# 3 – do not reply for local addresses
# configured with scope host, only
# resolutions for global and link
# addresses are replied
#
# 4-7 – reserved
#
# 8 – do not reply for all local
# addresses
#
# If no <number> is given then the value
# 1 is assumed
#
# WARNING — DO NOT SPECIFY arp_ignore
# FOR ANY INTERFACE INVOLVED IN PROXY ARP.
#
# nosmurfs – Filter packets for smurfs
# (packets with a broadcast
# address as the source).
#
# Smurfs will be optionally logged based
# on the setting of SMURF_LOG_LEVEL in
# shorewall.conf. After logging, the
# packets are dropped.
#
# detectnets – Automatically taylors the zone named
# in the ZONE column to include only those
# hosts routed through the interface.
#
# upnp – Incoming requests from this interface
# may be remapped via UPNP (upnpd).
#
# WARNING: DO NOT SET THE detectnets OPTION ON YOUR
# INTERNET INTERFACE.
#
# The order in which you list the options is not
# significant but the list should have no embedded white
# space.
#
# Example 1: Suppose you have eth0 connected to a DSL modem and
# eth1 connected to your local network and that your
# local subnet is 192.168.1.0/24. The interface gets
# it's IP address via DHCP from subnet
# 206.191.149.192/27. You have a DMZ with subnet
# 192.168.2.0/24 using eth2.
#
# Your entries for this setup would look like:
#
# net eth0 206.191.149.223 dhcp
# local eth1 192.168.1.255
# dmz eth2 192.168.2.255
#
# Example 2: The same configuration without specifying broadcast
# addresses is:
#
# net eth0 detect dhcp
# loc eth1 detect
# dmz eth2 detect
#
# Example 3: You have a simple dial-in system with no ethernet
# connections.
#
# net ppp0 –
#
# For additional information, see
#
#
###############################################################################
#ZONE INTERFACE BROADCAST OPTIONS
net eth0   detect      routefilter,dhcp,tcpflags,logmartians,nosmurfs
#LAST LINE — ADD YOUR ENTRIES BEFORE THIS ONE — DO NOT REMOVE

 

Attenzione:Se al posto del router abbiamo un modem cambiare eth0 con ppp0. In ogni caso cercare di adattarlo alle nostre esigenze e configurazione.

 

2) Configurazione del file policy:

# gedit /etc/shorewall/policy

all'interno copiamo questo:

# Shorewall version 3.0 – Sample Policy File for one-interface configuration.
#
# /etc/shorewall/policy
#
# THE ORDER OF ENTRIES IN THIS FILE IS IMPORTANT
#
# This file determines what to do with a new connection request if we
# don't get a match from the /etc/shorewall/rules file . For each
# source/destination pair, the file is processed in order until a
# match is found ("all" will match any client or server).
#
# INTRA-ZONE POLICIES ARE PRE-DEFINED
#
# For $FW and for all of the zoned defined in /etc/shorewall/zones,
# the POLICY for connections from the zone to itself is ACCEPT (with no
# logging or TCP connection rate limiting but may be overridden by an
# entry in this file. The overriding entry must be explicit (cannot use
# "all" in the SOURCE or DEST).
#
# Columns are:
#
# SOURCE Source zone. Must be the name of a zone defined
# in /etc/shorewall/zones, $FW or "all".
#
# DEST Destination zone. Must be the name of a zone defined
# in /etc/shorewall/zones, $FW or "all"
#
# POLICY Policy if no match from the rules file is found. Must
# be "ACCEPT", "DROP", "REJECT", "CONTINUE" or "NONE".
#
# ACCEPT – Accept the connection
# DROP – Ignore the connection request
# REJECT – For TCP, send RST. For all other,
# send "port unreachable" ICMP.
# QUEUE – Send the request to a user-space
# application using the QUEUE target.
# CONTINUE – Pass the connection request past
# any other rules that it might also
# match (where the source or
# destination zone in those rules is
# a superset of the SOURCE or DEST
# in this policy).
# NONE – Assume that there will never be any
# packets from this SOURCE
# to this DEST. Shorewall will not set
# up any infrastructure to handle such
# packets and you may not have any
# rules with this SOURCE and DEST in
# the /etc/shorewall/rules file. If
# such a packet _is_ received, the
# result is undefined. NONE may not be
# used if the SOURCE or DEST columns
# contain the firewall zone ($FW) or
# "all".
#
# If this column contains ACCEPT, DROP or REJECT and a
# corresponding common action is defined in
# /etc/shorewall/actions (or
# /usr/share/shorewall/actions.std) then that action
# will be invoked before the policy named in this column
# is enforced.
#
# LOG LEVEL If supplied, each connection handled under the default
# POLICY is logged at that level. If not supplied, no
# log message is generated. See syslog.conf(5) for a
# description of log levels.
#
# Beginning with Shorewall version 1.3.12, you may
# also specify ULOG (must be in upper case). This will
# log to the ULOG target and sent to a separate log
# through use of ulogd
# ).
#
# If you don't want to log but need to specify the
# following column, place "-" here.
#
# LIMIT:BURST If passed, specifies the maximum TCP connection rate
# and the size of an acceptable burst. If not specified,
# TCP connections are not limited.
#
# See for additional information.
#
###############################################################################
#SOURCE DEST POLICY LOG LEVEL LIMIT:BURST
$FW net ACCEPT
net all DROP info
# The FOLLOWING POLICY MUST BE LAST
all all REJECT info
#LAST LINE — ADD YOUR ENTRIES ABOVE THIS LINE — DO NOT REMOVE

 

 

3) Creazione del file di configurazione zones:

# gedit /etc/shorewall/zones

all'interno copiamo questo:

# Shorewall version 3.0 – Sample Zones File for one-interface configuration.
#
# /etc/shorewall/zones
#
# This file determines your network zones.
#
# Columns are:
#
# ZONE Short name of the zone (5 Characters or less in length).
# The names "all" and "none" are reserved and may not be
# used as zone names.
#
# Where a zone is nested in one or more other zones,
# you may follow the (sub)zone name by ":" and a
# comma-separated list of the parent zones. The parent
# zones must have been defined in earlier records in this
# file.
#
# Example:
#
# #ZONE TYPE OPTIONS
# a ipv4
# b ipv4
# c:a,b ipv4
#
# Currently, Shorewall uses this information only to reorder the
# zone list so that parent zones appear after their subzones in
# the list. In the future, Shorewall may make more extensive use
# of that information.
#
# TYPE ipv4 – This is the standard Shorewall zone type and is the
# default if you leave this column empty or if you enter
# "-" in the column. Communication with some zone hosts
# may be encrypted. Encrypted hosts are designated using
# the 'ipsec'option in /etc/shorewall/hosts.
# ipsec – Communication with all zone hosts is encrypted
# Your kernel and iptables must include policy
# match support.
# firewall
# – Designates the firewall itself. You must have
# exactly one 'firewall' zone. No options are
# permitted with a 'firewall' zone. The name that you
# enter in the ZONE column will be stored in the shell
# variable $FW which you may use in other configuration
# files to designate the firewall zone.
#
# OPTIONS, A comma-separated list of options as follows:
# IN OPTIONS,
# OUT OPTIONS reqid=<number> where <number> is specified
# using setkey(8) using the 'unique:<number>
# option for the SPD level.
#
# spi=<number> where <number> is the SPI of
# the SA used to encrypt/decrypt packets.
#
# proto=ah|esp|ipcomp
#
# mss=<number> (sets the MSS field in TCP packets)
#
# mode=transport|tunnel
#
# tunnel-src=<address>[/<mask>] (only
# available with mode=tunnel)
#
# tunnel-dst=<address>[/<mask>] (only
# available with mode=tunnel)
#
# strict Means that packets must match all rules.
#
# next Separates rules; can only be used with
# strict..
#
# Example:
# mode=transport,reqid=44
#
# The options in the OPTIONS column are applied to both incoming
# and outgoing traffic. The IN OPTIONS are applied to incoming
# traffic (in addition to OPTIONS) and the OUT OPTIONS are
# applied to outgoing traffic.
#
# If you wish to leave a column empty but need to make an entry
# in a following column, use "-".
#
# THE ORDER OF THE ENTRIES IN THIS FILE IS IMPORTANT IF YOU HAVE NESTED OR
# OVERLAPPING ZONES DEFINED THROUGH /etc/shorewall/hosts.
#
# See
###############################################################################
#ZONE TYPE OPTIONS IN OUT
# OPTIONS OPTIONS
fw firewall
net ipv4
#LAST LINE – ADD YOUR ENTRIES ABOVE THIS ONE – DO NOT REMOVE

 

 

4) Configurazione del file rules.

# gedit /etc/shorewall/rules

all'interno copiamo questo:

Leggi tutto “Shorewall installazione e configurazione”